Endoscopic Recording (or its Absence): A Disappointment

Mutual Learning or Mutual Disappointment

Disappointment Cycles ∗

We propose a model of history dependent disappointment aversion (HDDA), allowing the attitude of a decision-maker (DM) towards disappointment at each stage of a T -stage lottery to evolve as a function of his history of disappointments and elations in prior stages. We establish an equivalence between the existence of an HDDA representation and two documented cognitive biases. First, the DM over...

A Theory of Disappointment

We develop an axiomatic model of decision making under risk based on the concept of disappointment aversion. Disappointment is measured using the expected utility of the lottery as a reference point. From an axiomatics, which is supported by many studies on psychology and emotions research, we derive a general class of model that is lottery dependent and which can be viewed as the theoretical g...

McDonaldization in Iranian ELT Textbooks: Absence or Presence?

The development of materials for language teaching has been retraced from different perspectives. For example, some have identified influences of a social view on designing course books and compiling materials for language classes. The purpose of this article is to focus on the specific case of ELT material, its design and priorities in the context of Iran. This article also offers a detailed a...

Of Variability, or its Absence, in HgMn Stars

Current models and observations of variability in HgMn stars disagree. We present here the models that argue for pulsating HgMn stars with properties similar to those of Slowly Pulsating B Stars. The lack of observed variable HgMn stars suggests that some physical process is missing from the models. Some possibilities are discussed.